Laser technology optimizes the surface to prevent marine growth

Wave and tidal power is based on something called a PTO system – the part that converts the movements of the sea into electricity. The problem is that all of this is located in a harsh environment under the water, where machines quickly wear out due to corrosion, sand, and severe weather.

A major culprit is the seals that are supposed to keep liquids in and seawater out. They are constantly rubbed against metal, and when sand or small particles get in between, the wear is even worse. In addition, life quickly grows on everything that ends up in the sea – from bacteria to barnacles – and their hard shells act like sandpaper. This causes the parts to wear out faster and the entire structure to move more in the water.

Toxic antifouling paints are used in other industries, but they don't work here: they are expensive, environmentally hazardous, and wear off immediately due to friction. Therefore, today it is necessary to clean mechanically, which is both difficult and costly.

All of this makes PTO systems one of the biggest challenges for cheap and large-scale wave power.

The LOTUS‑PTO project aims to make wave and tidal power more efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly by:

• create new surfaces that reduce fouling and friction
• develop durable, bio-inspired materials instead of toxic paints
• use AI to monitor wear and fouling in real time
• reduce maintenance needs and extend the lifespan of components

The goal is, among other things:

• 10% less resistance in the water
• 5% more useful energy
• 10% lower maintenance costs
• 50% less fouling
• 15% longer lifespan

In addition, the need for critical materials such as copper decreases, and the components become easier to reuse and recycle.

The project is supported by CETP, Clean Energy Transition Partnership.