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ISTSS 2020

The 9th International Symposium on Tunnel Safety and Security (ISTSS) was held as an online event 5 - 7 May 2021.

ISTSS is now well established in the tunnel fire community and the success of ISTSS is a tribute to the pressing need for continued international research and dialogue on these issues.

The Proceedings include 42 papers and 13 extended poster abstracts. The online event includes 35 paper presentations and a poster session with 10 posters. You find more information about Proceedings ISTSS 2020 under Publications on the right hand side.

Each day was opened by invited Keynote Speakers addressing broad topics of pressing interest.
The Keynote Speakers, selected as leaders in their field, was:

  • Anne Lehan, German Highway Research Institute, Germany, 
  • Rune Brandt, HBI Haerter, Switzerland,
  • Trond H. Hansen, Oslo Fire and Rescue Service, Norway,
  • Mia Kumm, RISE, Sweden
  • Roland Leucker, Research Association for Tunnels and Transportation Facilities (STUVA), Germany. 

Program Day 1 -Wednesday May 5th 2021 (CET)

* Speaker

08:45 - 09:00  Introduction to webinar features

09:00 - 09:10    Welcome to the 9th ISTSS!

09:10  - 09:35
KEYNOTE 1: Influence of digital transformation on the interaction between tunnel infrastructure and road user - opportunities and risks
Anne Lehan, BAST Federal Highway Research Institute, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany

09:40 - 10:05
KEYNOTE 2: Proposed best practice for the engineering of smoke-management systems in tunnels and other underground facilities
Rune Brandt, CEO and technical director, HBI Haerter, Zürich, Switzerland

10:10  - 10:25
Experimental study of backlayering length and critical velocity in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fire with wide-shallow cross-section
Tianhang Zhang*1, Ganyu Wang1, Kaijie Wu1, Yadong Huang2, Kai Zhu1 & Ke Wu1
1Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
2Zhejiang General Fire and Rescue Brigade, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

10:30  - 10:40    Break

10:40 - 10:55
Ventilation control in complex tunnels – results from system tests
Johannes Rodler1, Peter Sturm2, Gregor Schmoelzer1, Patrik Foessleitner1, Michael Bacher2 & Daniel Fruhwirt2
1FVT mbH, Graz, Austria
2Graz University of Technology, Austria

11:00  - 11:15
Fire & Water Mist vs. Longitudinal Ventilation in Tunnels
Jamie Crum & Ricky Carvel, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, UK

11:20  - 11:35
Integration of a 1D model with FDS for multiscale analysis of tunnels
Jesus Mejias*, Elisa Guelpa & Vittorio Verda, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy

11:40  -  11:55
Model scale tests with automatic sprinkler in a tun­nel
Haukur Ingason, Ying Zhen Li, Magnus Arvidson, & Lei Jiang, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden

12:00 - 12:10    Break

12:10 - 13:00  Poster Session:
Digitalized FBG fire detection in road tunnel
Xinmin Du*, Guang Zhang, Ying Zhen Li & Hao Zhao

Optimal Spacing of Jet Fan in Extra-long tunnel fire under a Longitudinal Ventilation System
Imad Obadi, Miaocheng Weng & Fang Liu

Theoretical analysis and numerical study on air and smoke flow characteristics under traffic blockage in highway tunnels
Jing Wu & Feimin Shen

Construction of INA Line-7 Metro Station Over Operational Twin Metro Tunnels of Line-3 of DMRC
Saurabh Sharma, Ashwani Kumar & Virender Sattawan

Evacuation experiments in an urban road tunnel with large open shafts
Yuxin Zhang, Ricky Carvel*, Zhiguo Yan & Hehua Zhu

Natural ventilation smoke management experiments in an urban road tunnel with large open shafts
Yuxin Zhang, Ricky Carvel*, Zhiguo Yan & Hehua Zhu

3D-CFD Simulations of pool-fires, comparison with experimental data
Daniel Fruhwirt & Peter Sturm

U-Threat project - resilience of underground transport – Evacuation of users from a metro train on fire in a tunnel
Christophe Willmann, Nikolaos Voagiokas, Christophe Chaise, Peter Hoffman & Julia Nass

Renewable fuels during underground work – low risk, obvious benefit but nevertheless a utopia?
Jonatan Gehandler

Current status of international tunnel standards and guidelines for water-based Fixed Fire Fighting Systems
Tim Usner* & Armin Feltmann 

13:00  - 14:00  Lunch break

14:00  -  14:15
Multi-Train Ventilation Section Quantitative Risk Assessment in Underground Rail Systems
Peter Woodburn* & Adam Ross, ARUP, London, UK

14:20  -  14:35
Quantitative risk assessment of a Fixed- Fire-Fighting-System in the rescue station of the Semmering Base Tunnel
Oliver Heger*1, Florian Diernhofer1, Verena Langner2 & Thomas Thaller3
1ILF Consulting Engineers Austria GmbH, Linz, Austria
2Gruner GmbH, Vienna, Austria
3OEBB-Infrastruktur AG, Graz, Austria

14:40  -  14:55
A comparison of safety risk acceptance principles for UK tunnels
Mike Deevy*, Gabor Posta & Adam Ross, Arup, London, UK

15:00  -  15:15
Building Safety Management Systems dedicated to safe tunnel operation
Hélène Mongeot* & Marc Tesson, Centre for Tunnel Studies (Centre d’Etudes des Tunnels, CETU), Bron Cedex, France

15:20  - 15:30    Break

15:30  -  15:45
Vulnerability- and resiliency analysis for urban metro systems – methods and approaches of structurized assessments
Goetz Vollmann*1, Christophe Willmann2, Christian Thienert3, Jean-Baptiste Bevillard4 & Alexander Dahl5
1Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
2Centre d’etudes des tunnels, Bron cedex, France
3STUVA, Cologne, Germany
4Arcadis ESG, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
5PTV AG, Berlin, Germany

15:50  -  16:05
An Approach for Defining Minimum Operating Requirements for Incident Management of Road Tunnels in Germany
Bernhard Kohl*1, Harald Kammerer1, Michael Barth2, Ulrich Bergerhausen3 & Selcuk Nisancioglu3
1ILF Consulting Engineers Austria, Linz, Austria
2ILF Consulting Engineers Germany, Munich, Germany
3Federal Highway Research Institute, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany

16:10  -  16:25
Railcar Design Fire Determination – Testing and CFD Modelling
Matthew Bilson* & Xinhe Liu, WSP USA, New York, US

16:30  -  16:45
Fire Safety for the Seattle SR99 Highway Tunnel – The Owner’s Perspective
Iain Bowman1 & Susan Everett2
1Mott MacDonald, Vancouver, BC, Canada
2Washington State Department of Transportation, Seattle, WA, USA

16:50  - 17:00    Thank you for today!

Program Day 2 - Thursday May 6th 2021 (CET)

* Speaker

08:30 - 08:40    Welcome

08:40 - 09:05 
KEYNOTE 3: Operational considerations for tunnel safety
Trond H. Hansen, Incident commander / Tunnel rescue operations advisor, Oslo Fire and Rescue Service, Norway

09:10 - 09:35
KEYNOTE 4: Innovation and new technologies as tactic resources during fire and rescue operations in tunnels
Mia Kumm, RISE Research Insititutes of Sweden, Sweden

09:40  - 09:55
Experimental Study on Smoke Confinement by Water Spray in Tunnel Fire
Beihua Cong* & Xin Han
Shanghai Institute of Disaster Prevention and Relief, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

10:00  - 10:10    Break

10:10 - 10:25
Energy and Safety Diagnostic in Underground Facilities
Madeleine Martinsen*1, Erik Dalhqvist1, Anders Lönner­mark2 & Örjan Säker3
1Mälardalens University, Västerås, Sweden
2Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
3Roctec Automation Epiroc Rock Drills AB, Örebro, Sweden

10:30  - 10:45
Explosions in road tunnels - Part 2: A quantitative risk analysis
Mirjam Nelisse* & Ton Vrouwenvelder, TNO Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Delft, The Netherlands

10:50  -  11:05
Safety in the Brenner Base Tunnel: Risk Assessment
Giuseppe Venditti & David Marini, Galleria di Base del Brennero – Brenner Basistunnel BBT SE, Bolzano, Italy

11:10  - 11:20    Break

11:20  - 11:35
Elevator evacuation and human behaviour – A literature review, design method and a case study
Axel Mossberg*1,2, Daniel Nilsson3 & Håkan Frantzich1
1Division of Fire Safety Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
2Brandskyddslaget, Stockholm, Sweden
3Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, New Zealand

11:40  - 11:55
Ascending evacuation in an inclined tunnel
Artur Storm* & Eva-Sara Celander, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Västerås, Sweden

12:00  -  12:15
Uncertainties related to fire smoke toxicity in tunnels
Lene Østrem1 & Ove Njå*2
1Gassco, Kopervik, Norway
2University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway

12:20  - 13:10  Lunch break

13:10  - 13:25
Modelling fire occurrences in heavy goods vehicles in road tunnels
Ådne Njå*1, Jan Terje Kvaløy1 & Ove Njå2
1Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
2Department of Safety, Economics and Planning, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway

13:30  -  13:45
Dangerous goods vehicles in road tunnels, a significant modification of French risk analysis
Christophe Willmann* & Michel Deffayet, CETU (tunnel study centre), Lyon, France

13:50  -  14:05
How electric vehicles change the fire safety design in underground structures
Marie Kutschenreuter1, Stephan Klüh*1, Max Lakkonen2, Rajko Rothe2 & Frank Leismann3
1FOGTEC Brandschutz GmbH, Cologne, Germany
2IFAB Institute for Applied Fire Safety Research, Berlin, Germany
3STUVA e.V., Cologne, Germany

14:10  -  14:25
New energy carriers and additional risks for user’s safety in tunnels
Christophe Willmann* & Benjamin Truchot, CETU, Bron cedex & INERIS, Paris, France

14:30 - 14:40    Break

14:40  -  14:55
Transmutation of the most important Underground Rail Infrastructure in Belgium – Brussels North South Link - from post World War II into the 21th Century
Lieven Schoonbaert*, Stefaan Vernieuwe & Stijn Eeckhaut, INFRABEL – The Belgian railway infrastructure manager, Brussels, Belgium

15:00  -  15:15
Recommendations for firefighters lifts in underground stations
Daniel Hahne1 & Stefan Rehm*2
1Research Association for Tunnels and Transport Facilities (STUVAtec), Cologne, Germany
2Munich Fire Brigade, preventive fire safety department, Munich, Germany

15:20  -  15:35
Breathing air consumption in the fire tests at the Tistbrottet mine
Anders Palm*1,2, Mia Kumm2,3, Artur Storm3 & Anders Lönnermark3
1Greater Stockholm Fire Brigade, Stockholm, Sweden
2Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
3RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden

15:40 - 15:50  Break

15:50  -  16:05
Optimising tunnel design using physiological impact on firefighters as a metric
Peter Woodburn & Danielle Antonellis, Arup, London, UK

16:10  -  16:25
Improving Effectiveness of Tunnel Incident Management
Gary English, Underground Command and Safety, Vashon, WA, USA

16:30  -  16:45
Fire detection in railway tunnels - Full scale fire tests
Igor Maevski, Jeffrey Bott*, Andre Calado, Raymond Klein, David Hahm, Robert Faddoul, Jackie Chen, & Kevin Ficarra, Jacobs Engineering, New York, USA

16:50  - 17:00    Thank you for today!

Program Day 3 - Friday May 7th 2021 (CET)

* Speaker

08:30 - 08:40    Welcome

08:40 - 09:05
KEYNOTE 5: Underground Fire Safety in Germany
Roland Leucker, STUVA Research Association for Tunnels and Transportation Facilities, Cologne, Germany

09:10  - 09:25
Full scale experimental study on the performance of fire detection systems for underwater tunnel
Xin Han*, Shaohua Sun, & Beihua Cong, Shanghai Institute of Disaster Prevention and Relief, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

09:30 - 09:45
Fire tests with a line type heat detection system in the Runehamar tunnel
Ying Zhen Li*1 & Xinmin Du2
1RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
2Bandweaver Technologies Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China

09:50  - 10:05
Numerical modelling of a line type heat detection system in tunnel fires
Ying Zhen Li, Lei Jiang* & Haukur Ingason, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden

10:10  - 10:20    Break

10:20  -  10:35
Tests of spilled liquid fires in a tunnel drainage system
Haukur Ingason*, Ying Zhen Li, & Lei Jiang, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden

10:40  - 10:55
Assessment and upgrade of the fire resistance of the Waterwolftunnel
Leander Noordijk*1, Albert Kandelaar2, Coen van der Vliet1, Ronald Heijmans1 & Bart Duijvestijn1
1Arcadis Nederland BV
2Province of Noord Holland

11:00  -  11:15
Experimental investigation of a cement-free shotcrete in case of fire: Spalling tendency, thermal and mechanical properties
Christian Rhein*1Anna-Lena Hammer1, Götz Vollmann1, Eugen Kleen2, Dirk Uhlmann2, Thorsten Weiner3, Joachim Budnik3, Thomas Rengshausen3 & Christian Thienert4
1Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
2MC Bauchemie, Bottrop, Germany
3PORR Deutschland GmbH, BU3-International, Düsseldorf, Germany
4STUVA, Cologne, Germany

11:20  -  11:35
Ventilation during a fire incident in a road tunnel with contra-flow traffic
Daniel Feest & Hing-Wai Wong, WSP, Guildford, Surrey, England

11:40  - 11:55
Local fire tests of CNG vehicle containers
Jonatan Gehandler* & Anders Lönnermark, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden

12:00  - 12:10    Break

12:10  - 13:00    Award Ceremony  &  Closing Ceremony

ISTSS 2020 Achievement Award
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alfred Haack 

Former Managing Director of STUVA, for his legendary and dedicated contribution to safety and security in tunnels.

ISTSS 2020 Best paper
Experimental study of backlayering length and critical velocity in longitudinally ventilated tunnel fire with wideshallow cross-section
By: Tianhang Zhang, Ganyu Wang, Kaijie Wu, Yadong Huang, Kai Zhu and Ke Wu

This paper presents very nice experimental and theoretical work on critical velocity and backlayering length, which largely verifies previous important findings. The authors show a high level of scientific knowledge in the subject and obtain interesting improvement of original work.

ISTSS 2020 Best poster
Current status of international tunnel standards and guidelines for water-based Fixed Fire Fighting Systems
By: Tim Usner and Armin Feltmann

The winners used the poster format in a good and balance way. It is appealing, clear, easy to access and easy to follow.