UNECE R100 is an international standard for rechargeable battery systems for electric vehicles. The standard specifies the requirements for batteries in electric vehicles.

UNECE R100 is a standard that specifies what requirements must be met for rechargeable battery systems in motor vehicles. The standard has existed since 1996 and was revised in 2011 in line with developments in the battery field.

What is the purpose of UNECE R100?

The UNECE R100 standard specifies all the tests that need to be carried out on lithium batteries that are installed in four-wheel electric vehicles. The standard has been developed to harmonize requirements for motor vehicles all over the world. The introduction of UNECE R100 simplifies global trade, while at the same time increasing road safety and protecting the environment.

Below is a brief introduction to what is included in UNECE R100. The general requirements for each element are: no leakage, cracks, fire, or explosion in the battery. The insulation resistance should be maintained.

• Vibration test of batteries

The UNECE R100 vibration test examines the safety of batteries under vibrations similar to those of normal driving.

• Temperature cycling (temperature shock)

Temperature cycling investigates the resistance of the battery to sudden changes in temperature.

• Mechanical shock test

In the UNECE R100 mechanical shock test, the battery is exposed to strong decelerations and accelerations with a sled test machine. The grade of impact is determined by vehicle class.

• Mechanical integrity

The mechanical integrity test evaluates how safe the battery is when subjected to a crash.

• Fire safety test

The fire safety test according to UNECE R100 examines how resistant the battery is to an external fire, such as a fuel fire. How resistant the battery is to short circuits is also examined.

• Overcharge test

The overcharge test according to UNECE R100 examines the performance of the batterys overcharge protection.

• Over-discharge protection

The over-discharge test evaluates the performance of the battery's over-discharge protection.

• Overtemperature protection test

The overtemperature protection test examines the batterys resistance against internal overheating.

• Overcurrent protection

The overcurrent protection test examines the battery's protection performance against internal overheating.

You choose in what way you prefer to follow the tests. You can participate on-site, or you can follow the tests digitally from your regular workplace. Either way, you will be able to give input and interact with the testers along the way.

The test data is delivered in data files. Or if you prefer to receive them in a written test report. 

Welcome to test with us for UNECE R100!

More about batteries

We are happy to help you further in the field of batteries. For further reading, go to our area page for batteries!

UNECE R100

Snagging is defined as loops of yarn/fibres on the surface of woven or knitted fabrics that occur when the material comes into contact with a sharp/prickly object.
When we use textiles in different areas, there is a risk that they will come in contact with sharp objects, which can cause loops to be pulled out of the construction.

The method aims to evaluate the resistance of woven or knitted fabrics to snagging.
By testing a material's resistance to snagging, you get an indication of how well the material resists loops being pulled out of the material in contact with sharp/pricly objects.
For some applications, this can be a very important feature.

Materials made from filament yarns are more prone to looping than staple fiber materials, but woven materials with long floats can also be sensitive.

ASTM D3939/D3939M is an American method commonly referred to when testing snagging.
In this method, a Mace snagging apparatus is used, where the material is exposed to a metal ball with spikes.

Rectangular specimens are sewn together into tubes. The fabric tubes, right side out, are threaded onto a felt-covered cylinder.
The mace ball is placed against the fabric covered cylinder which rotates at the same time as the spiked ball jabs randomly at the fabric surface.
Visual assessment of the test specimens is performed after a certain number of turns.
The degree of "loops" that have appeared is assessed against a 1-5 range photo scale where 5 = no loops appeared.

The spikes of the ball only pull up loops from threads in one direction, so it is important to test both fabric directions.
Two specimens in each direction are tested.

A report in Swedish or English with received results.

Normal delivery time is 5-10 working days. A more accurate delivery time is stated in the order confirmation which is sent after received order and test material.

ASTM D3939/D3939M-13 (2017)

At the RISE research lab for fuel cells and electrolysers experts evaluate subcomponents such as membrane, electrodes, catalysts, bipolar plates. We also offer performance characterisation and accelerated stress tests and long term testning of single cells and short stacks.

The aim of the testing is to support Swedish and international electrochemical industry in the development and improvement of electrochemical technologies.

We perform theoretical as well as experimental investigations, and research projects (R&D-projects). Tests are performed at the RISE research lab in Borås, Sweden.

We primarily work experimentally within low temperature electrolysis and low temperature fuel cells. We can perform electrochemical characterisation and evaluation of materials, such as contact resistance measurements.

Delivery according to the customer's wishes.

We suggest that assignments and projects are presented through a report and oral presentation to the customer.

Delivery time is decided based on a discussion between the customer and RISE. 

By understanding the bleaching process and making the necessary adjustments and optimisations, the pulp and paper industry can produce high-quality products with the desired properties and durability. This not only helps to fulfil customer requirements and expectations, but also reduces environmental impact and promotes sustainable production.

The bleaching process can be tailored and optimised to meet the specific requirements of the final paper or board product. Some paper grades require a gentler bleaching sequence to preserve fibre integrity and prevent over-bleaching, while others may require a more intensive treatment to achieve the desired brightness and whiteness level.

A comprehensive understanding of the bleaching process, together with appropriate adjustments and optimisations, enables the production of high-quality paper products with tailored properties and long-term durability. This approach not only fulfils customers' specifications and performance expectations, but also supports environmentally responsible practices and promotes sustainable production methods.

Sampling and Analysis

Systematic sampling and analysis procedures before, during and after the bleaching process are important to evaluate the process efficiency and production quality as well as to compare with the customer's existing production line. A detailed description of the procedure is given below:

• Initial sampling: Samples are taken from the raw material (usually wood chips or pulp after the cooking phase) before bleaching.
• Bleaching sequence: The bleaching process is carried out according to predefined steps, adapted to the desired final product characteristics.
• Sampling between steps: after each individual bleaching step, samples are collected to assess the impact of the specific step on the pulp.
• Laboratory cooking and bleaching trials: Complementary cooking and bleaching trials are carried out using laboratory-scale equipment to simulate industrial conditions.
• Comparative Analysis: Samples before and after bleaching are compared with material from the customer's production line to identify similarities, differences and potential areas for improvement. This comparative approach provides a deeper understanding of the material's reaction to bleaching and makes it easier to detect process deviations.

Process Variables and Equipment

The bleaching process is highly customisable and the result is influenced by key variables such as pulp consistency, pressure, temperature and the choice of bleaching chemicals. These parameters can be fine-tuned to suit a range of pulp types and end product specifications:

• Pulp Consistency
• Pressure
• Temperature
• Bleaching Chemicals: A wide range of commercially used bleaching agents can be used, including chlorine-based compounds, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide and ozone.
• Bleaching Equipment: RISE uses different types of equipment, such as Quantum mixers, autoclaves and conventional water baths, to perform bleaching under controlled and repeatable conditions.
• Sample Sizes: Experiments can be performed on sample sizes ranging from small-scale laboratory batches (around 0.5 kg) to larger volumes (5-10 kg), enabling simulation of industrial processes and optimisation for full-scale production.

Capability and Scope

RISE is equipped to perform bleaching experiments on a variety of pulp types, including chemical pulps (such as kraft and dissolving grades), pre-hydrolysed kraft pulp for dissolving, mechanical pulps and plant-based fibres. By replicating factory conditions in a laboratory environment, the results generated are directly applicable to industrial operations, ensuring relevance and reliability in process development and optimisation.

RISE has the capacity to use all commonly used bleaching chemicals in its pilot equipment. These include:

• Chlorine dioxide
• Hydrogen peroxide
• Peracetic acid
• Hypochlorite
• Oxygen
• Ozone

These chemicals are used under controlled conditions to simulate industrial processes and to evaluate their effects on pulp quality, bleaching efficiency and environmental impact.

Expertise in Bleaching and Pulp Processing

RISE has a long tradition of research and technical support in pulp processes and bleaching. The organisation's multidisciplinary team of scientists and engineers has extensive expertise in a wide range of bleaching techniques, including chlorine-based bleaching, oxygen delignification and other advanced oxidative and reductive methods.

This deep knowledge enables RISE to support the development and optimisation of bleaching processes tailored to specific fibre types, product requirements and sustainability goals. Through both experimental work and process evaluation, RISE contributes to promoting efficient, high-performance and environmentally responsible pulp production.

RISE provides a report containing data in Excel format with associated images and graphs. The report is carefully compiled using standardised methods appropriate to the analyses performed.

If a more detailed report is required, RISE can deliver a comprehensive scientific report based on the results obtained and the background information provided by the client. This extended report is available on request and is subject to quotation.

The delivery of results is planned based on our order backlog and the scope and complexity of the assignment. We endeavour to ensure that your results are delivered on time, taking into account the specific requirements of your project. We appreciate your understanding and patience as we work to deliver the best possible service.

The laboratory at RISE Packaging Excellence Centre is certified by ISTA and is one of the most well equipped and advanced laboratories in all of Scandinavia for testing packaging and packaging materials. We conduct tests in a controlled environment according to international standards.

These test methods evaluate the force required to separate the seal on different types of packaging.

The test is carried out in a tensile testing machine in a controlled climate.

Report received after completion of testing.

The delivery time is about 2-4 weeks depending on the number of samples to be tested.

ASTM F88 / F88M Standard Test Method for Seal Strength of Flexible Barrier Materials

ISO 11339 Adhesives – T-peel test for flexible-to-flexible bonded assemblies 

SS-EN 868-5 Packaging for terminally sterilized medical devices - Part 5: Sealable pouches and reels of porous materials and plastic film construction - Requirements and test methods

Thermal propagation is when an increase in temperature in one part of a battery leads to a chain reaction where the temperature rises rapidly throughout the battery. This implies a major security risk.

Thermal propagation can be caused by, for example, internal short circuits, overcharging, or manufacturing defects in a battery. There are also other reasons for the propagation, but the consequences are often serious.

Thermal propagation – consequences

A thermal propagation can lead to overheating, fire, melting or explosion. The risk of thermal propagation is thus a critical safety concern in the design, manufacture and use of batteries.

The thermal propagation test begins with the installation of a battery in the safety-critical testing lab. After that, the battery is subjected to needle penetration, electric heating elements, or flame exposure that creates a temperature rise in the battery.

By installing temperature sensors both on and in the test object, it is possible to follow how the thermal propagation develops. The flue gas that arises from thermal propagation is captured by our hood system. This enables measurements of heat generation, smoke development and toxic substances.

Included in standards for batteries

Thermal propagation is included as a test part (standard testing) in most standards for batteries. Among other things, it is included in these standards: IEC 62619, IEC62660, GBT38031, SAE J2464

After the test, you will receive the result in the form of raw data from the test's measurements. If you wish, you will also receive a test report with a summary of the results of the test for thermal propagation.

Want to try for thermal propagation?

Want to try batteries for thermal propagation? We've got you covered! Our test environments have high security with thick walls and solid reinforcements. By conducting your tests indoors in our specially designed lab, constant testing conditions and repeatability are guaranteed.

GBT38031
IEC 62619
IEC62660
SAE J2464

This standard determines the antiviral activity of the textile product against specific viruses.

This standard includes testing methods to determine the antiviral activity of a textile product. The tests use specified viruses but due to individual sensitivities, the results gathered from one virus cannot be directly transferred to another virus. However, any textile product can be tested including woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, yarns, braids, or individual fibers.

The viruses are deposited onto a specimen. After a specific contact time, the remaining infectious virus is counted, and the reduction rate is calculated by the comparison between the antiviral product test specimen and a control specimen.

The standard test is performed using influenza virus and Feline calicivirus. However, it can also be done with model organisms like bacteriophages or other types of virus on request.

The test results are compiled in technical reports. Depending on the purpose of the test, summaries or preliminary results may be obtained on request.

ISO 18184

The laboratory at RISE Packaging Excellence Centre is certified by ISTA and is one of the most well equipped and advanced laboratories in all of Scandinavia for testing packaging. We carry out tests according to international standards, to ensure the performance of the packaging.

Evaluate the torque retention of continuous thread closures on containers such as cans, bottles, vials.

Testing is performed using a torque tester.

Report received after completion of testing.

The delivery time is approximately 2 - 4 weeks depending on the selected number of packages to be tested.

ASTM D2063-2063M Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Torque Retention for Packages with Continuous Thread Closures Using Non-Automated (Manual) Torque Testing Equipment

The laboratory at RISE Packaging Excellence Centre is certified by ISTA and is one of the most well equipped and advanced laboratories in all of Scandinavia for testing packaging and packaging materials. We conduct tests in a controlled environment according to international standards.

Rub tests are carried out to ensure that the readability of labels and printed packages is not affected by abrasion moments that can occur during a distribution. Abrasion moments can be, for example, packaging/labels rubbing against each other during transportation.

Rub tests are performed using a Sutherland Rub Tester.

Report received after completion of testing.

The delivery time is approx. 2-4 weeks depending on the number of samples to be tested.

ASTM D5264

ISO 16604, Clothing for protection against contact with blood and body fluids

The method determines the resistance of protective clothing materials to penetration by blood-born pathogens using bacteriophage ΦX174 as a model organism.

A specimen is subjected to a nutrient broth containing a virus in a test apparatus for a specific period of time and pressure sequence. Visual detection of penetration is done by detecting viable viruses which penetrate the material.

The test results and conclusions are presented in a written report. 

ISO 16604