FreeLIB – Minimization of PFAS risks in Li-ion battery recycling

As the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) continues to grow, so does the need for efficient and sustainable recycling. Recycling enables the recovery of valuable materials such as lithium, nickel and cobalt, while also reducing the overall environmental impact. However, new research shows that the recycling of lithium-ion batteries can also lead to emissions of harmful fluorinated compounds, including PFAS – so-called “forever chemicals” that may pose risks to both human health and the environment.

The FreeLIB Project

The FreeLIB project investigates how PFAS and other fluorinated compounds are formed, released and can be controlled during the recycling of lithium-ion batteries. The aim is to develop safer and more sustainable processes for people, the environment and industry.

Fluorine is an essential element in several parts of a lithium-ion battery, including electrolytes, binders and additives that contribute to performance and lifespan. When batteries are recycled, especially through processes involving heat, chemicals or mechanical treatment, PFAS and other toxic substances can form and be released. These compounds may pose risks to workers as well as to the surrounding environment.

Objectives

FreeLIB aims to:

• identify which fluorinated compounds are present in lithium-ion batteries and how they are released during recycling
• assess potential health and environmental risks associated with different recycling processes
• develop solutions that minimise emissions and enable cleaner recycling methods

By combining chemical analysis, practical recycling tests and life cycle assessments, the project contributes new knowledge on how PFAS emissions can be identified and reduced.

New Knowledge for a Sustainable Industry

FreeLIB provides the industry with a scientific foundation for reducing emissions of fluorinated compounds and adapting processes to future chemical management requirements. In this way, the project supports the development of battery recycling that is both more circular and safer for people, the environment and industry.