Micro X-Ray Fluorescence

Chemical characterisation of materials

Micro X-Ray Fluorescence (µXRF) is the perfect tool for sample characterisation: the X-ray beam, focused to a spot of 20 µm in diameter, gives information about composition or elemental distribution.

The technology is of interest for many research areas, such as materials science (metals, cement and concrete, semiconductors, …), environmental science (sediment and soil, recycled materials, contamination analysis, …), electronics (printed circuit boards, chips.), surface treatments, geology and archaeology.

The chemical composition can be measured on a specific point of interest or over a wider area or lines. The composition of homogeneous material (in form of e.g. powders) can be measured quickly.

Elemental distribution analysis provides valuable insights into the spatial variation of elements of a sample. It allows, for example, to understand how a material’s composition changes in response to its environment. For instance, μ‑XRF mapping can visualise the distribution of substances across a concrete cross‑section, allowing us to track how these substances migrate over time. Such information is crucial for uncovering the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the degradation of concrete.

Method

At RISE, we use the M4 Tornado from Bruker for high-resolution elemental analysis. The instrument accommodates large samples, accepting dimensions up to 150 × 200 mm, a maximum height of 120 mm, and a weight of up to 5 kg.

For elemental mapping, a flat and well-levelled surface provides the most accurate and reliable results. RISE can assist with the necessary sample preparation to ensure optimal data quality. Point analyses can be performed on a wide range of sample types, including solids, powders, soils, and irregularly shaped objects.

During analysis, samples are scanned under a light vacuum of 20 mBar. This reduced-pressure environment enhances the detection of lighter elements. However, elements with an atomic mass lower than sodium—such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen—remain undetectable by the M4 Tornado.

If a sample cannot withstand vacuum conditions, it is possible to perform the measurement in ambient air. In such cases, the analysis is still feasible, but the sensitivity and precision of the results will be reduced.

Delivery

The client will receive a detailed report containing:

• the sample’s handling,
• the data treatment
• the results
• explanation of what the results mean
• conclusions

The sample(s) can be sent back.