Over the past decade, the global battery sector has grown significantly in terms of both volume and economic value. In order to ensure that this growth continues in a sustainable and responsible manner, the EU has updated the rules for all organisations that place batteries on the European market.
Why does the EU have a Battery Regulation?
The Battery Regulation came into force in February 2024, fully replacing the previous Battery Directive by August 2025. The Regulation aims to reduce the climate impact of battery production, create a more level playing field, and strengthen the European battery industry.
– There has been a lot of activity in the battery market in recent years. Today, there is a far greater variety of batteries than when the old directive was first drafted. The purpose of the Regulation is to incorporate these new developments while ensuring that the same rules apply throughout the EU, says Cecilia Wästerlid, project manager for circular material flows at RISE.
While the previous directive had a clear focus on waste management, with rules on the collection of end-of-life batteries, recycling, producer responsibility, and restrictions on hazardous substances, the Battery Regulation instead takes a life-cycle approach. The new requirements relate to material recycling, traceability, and reducing the carbon footprint of production.
What are the key elements of the Battery Regulation?
In order to cover all types of batteries, the EU has moved from three categories in the directive to five categories in the regulation. The definition of a battery producer has also been clarified. You will find the main categories of battery and the definition of a producer in a fact box further down in this article.
In order to be sold on the European market, batteries and products containing batteries must display the CE marking. This certification confirms that all applicable EU requirements, including those set out in the Battery Regulation, have been met.
– CE marking involves product testing requirements. The Battery Regulation contains three articles relating to performance and safety testing. Although harmonised standards are not yet in place, they are expected to be developed in the future. In the meantime, we apply internationally recognised battery standards as best practice for performance and safety testing in our laboratories, explains Vedran Kovacevic, RISE's project manager and business developer for safety-critical battery testing.
The quality management systems of manufacturers of "high-risk products" must be audited.
Companies that manufacture or supply certain types of large battery, primarily for industrial and electric vehicles, to the market will also need to certify their quality management systems. This is because these products are classified as high-risk. The products must not only be safe, but also be manufactured under controlled conditions.
– While many of the rules in the Battery Regulation are not new to companies, they may not realise that they have to send samples to a laboratory for testing. The test results must then be reviewed by the notified body that certifies the organisation’s quality management system. Some companies will also be required to carry out due diligence, explains Martin Tillander, unit manager within Certification at RISE.
The due diligence requirement is one of the new provisions in the regulation. In short, this means that companies placing large industrial or electric vehicle batteries on the market must map their supply chains and ensure that the raw materials have been extracted and produced in a sustainable and ethical manner.
– From 2027 onwards, larger batteries will require a battery passport in the form of a QR code linking to digital information about the battery in question. This passport must contain details of the battery's material composition, capacity, and climate impact, explains Cecilia Wästerlid.
What responsibilities and requirements do producers have in relation to recycled materials?
All producers must register with the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and ensure that their batteries are collected and recycled correctly. One way to do so is to join a Producer Responsibility Organisation (PRO), such as El-Kretsen, which has an existing nationwide infrastructure for collection and recycling.
Another new feature of the regulation is that the EU has set recycling targets for lithium, cobalt, nickel, copper and lead. From 2027 onwards, at least 50 per cent of the lithium in waste batteries collected for recycling must be recycled. This figure will increase to 80 per cent from 2031.
The extensive circularity requirements set out in the Battery Regulation require a thorough understanding of the type of battery in question and its chemistry in order to be met. Furthermore, safety considerations relating to dismantling and the recycling process itself must be taken into account.
– At RISE, we address issues throughout the entire battery lifecycle, from design to material recycling. We provide the analysis, testing environments and expertise needed to develop effective battery recycling processes, says Cecilia Wästerlid.