Combining electrification and biofuel for an effective transition
In order to meet the climate goals, an array of fossil fuel products need to be phased out and replaced with renewable ones. But since the availability of these is limited, it is important to use the resources as intelligently as possible. One way is to use processes where electrification and bioenergy work together.
Within the transport sector and industry, biofuels and electrification are often presented as competing alternatives in the transition. On the contrary, they need to be combined in several different ways and can often create synergies.
– My view is that you should electrify everything you can in transport and industry, because sustainable bioenergy will be a limited resource, where demand will exceed supply, says Johan M Ahlström, unit manager at RISE.
– On the transport side, despite large battery electrification, there will still be vehicles in need of gas and liquid fuels, for example, in aviation and shipping, which means these biofuels will have to be produced as efficiently as possible.
Climate-positive electricity generation
By using biomass in combined heat and power plants and combining this with bio-CCS – that is, carbon dioxide storage of renewable carbon atoms – it is possible to achieve renewable, planned and climate-positive electricity generation. If this is done in conjunction with district heating production, it becomes highly efficient.
Another approach is to electrify part of the process involved in producing biofuels and bio-based chemicals. This makes it possible to utilise biomass more efficiently, so that it goes further. One example is to use a process known as gasification to convert the biomass and then use electrical energy to increase efficiency. This makes it possible to obtain more than twice as much product from the same bio-raw material.
– We need to safeguard the renewable carbon atoms that exist and utilise them as effectively as possible, says Johan M Ahlström.
We need to conserve the renewable carbon that exists
Long-term and resource-efficient solutions necessary
At present, most biofuels are made from crops such as wheat, maize and rapeseed, as well as from residues from animal slaughter. But significantly more biofuels could be produced from underutilised residues from forestry, such as branches, treetops, bark, and sawdust, and residues from pulp mills.
– Since there is no immediate resource shortage and the raw material is not very expensive, it can be cheaper in the short term to burn some for energy in the processes, says Johan M Ahlström. And since it’s biogenic carbon dioxide, its emissions come at no cost. So, it’s important that we raise the issue and ensure that we get more long-term sustainable solutions with higher resource efficiency. This applies to both existing forestry industries and new emerging biorefineries.
RISE is involved in several projects in the field, relating to technology development as well as system studies. Several projects are looking at how the forestry residue lignin can be used more efficiently than today. Other projects are focusing on what are known as bio-electro-fuels, along with other ways to increase resource efficiency in biorefineries.
– We also help individual companies to examine their processes. We encourage organisations to start thinking in the long term right now and to develop processes that make efficient use of the valuable biomass we have, concludes Johan M Ahlström.
