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Microplastic analysis of fibres from textile materials

Name of service (page headline, shown in promos – maximum of 70 characters incl. spaces): Microplastic from textiles Lead (include SEO-words and the main benefits for your target groups. Stick to one paragraph, maximum 2-3 sentences):

We offer both qualitative and quantitative analysis of microfibres from textile sources, both synthetic (microplastic) and natural.

Purpose/Benefit:

Microplastics, particularly in the form of fibres, have become a persistent environmental concern. These minute threads, originating from synthetic textiles such as polyester and nylon, are often invisible to the naked eye. They have infiltrated our oceans, soils, and even the air we breathe, posing a significant threat to ecosystems and human health.

To tackle the microplastic issue, RISE has partnered up with various startups, washing machine manufacturers, and governmental bodies. 

We utilize established techniques for measuring fibre release and develop new methodologies tailored to specific purposes.

By assessing your production processes, we can propose measures to minimize environmental effects while preserving product quality.

 

Method (what/which methods are used to perform the service):
  • Analysis of microplastic release during lab-scale washing according to SS-EN ISO 4484-1:2023
  • Analysis of microplastic release during household washing machine cycles (In-house method)
  • Testing and development of various filter solutions for washing machines
  • Comparative studies of washing programs, filter solutions, or washing machines
  • Gravimetric and/or microscopic analysis as per your requirements
Delivery (what does the client get after performed service – e.g. a report, certificate etc.):

Written report in Swedish or English with obtained results.

Area: Textile Contact person (Enter one name per field. Activated personal contact pages will appear automatically):
Carina Berglund, Forskare
Anne-Charlotte Hanning, Projektledare
Microplastic fragment from fleece fabric
Field measurements: No Price type: 1 Division: Division Materials and Industry Preparation: No preparation required Standards:

SS-EN ISO 4484-1:2023

In-house methods

OEKO-TEX® STANDARD 201 M-47 & ML-47– Glitter fastness

Certification and marking: Not applicable Type of service: Testing / Analysis / Evaluation Instrument: Not applicable General area: Not applicable Delivery level: Not applicable
carina.berglund@ri.se,anne-charlotte.hanning@ri.se
/en/node/9710
Metod - Header: Our services in microplastics More information - Header: Mer information
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Textiles Sekundär områdes navigation:
Circular transition
Metrology
Production and manufacturing
Chemical and biological analysis
Tjänstetyp tagg: Provning

Resource mapping of buildings with quality assurance of construction products

Name of service (page headline, shown in promos – maximum of 70 characters incl. spaces): Resource mapping of building products Lead (include SEO-words and the main benefits for your target groups. Stick to one paragraph, maximum 2-3 sentences):

Resource mapping is a process aimed at identifying and analyzing the materials and resources present in existing buildings, before renovation or demolition. It is important to use these resources efficiently and sustainably, which can help reduce environmental impact and promote a circular economy.

Purpose/Benefit:

In resource mapping, the focus is often on the parts of the building with the longest estimated lifespan and large volume components. By taking good care of these resources, significant CO2 savings can be made. This aligns with the resource hierarchy for the construction and civil engineering sector and taxonomy. To determine whether a material or product is interesting to preserve, reuse, or recycle, RISE assesses several aspects:

  • Environmental and health aspects
  • Possibility for disassembly
  • Economic potential
  • Potential for climate savings
  • Quantity, properties, and homogeneity of the material group
  • Condition and state
  • Quality assurance, and testing
Method (what/which methods are used to perform the service):

When conducting a resource mapping, we follow a process with activities that together provide a good overview of the building and the potential for reuse or recycling of its building products. The methodology is based on the process steps: preliminary work, material inventory, quality assurance, data analysis, and report, as shown in the figure above.

To assess whether the products or materials should be reused or recycled, an environmental and economic evaluation is carried out in terms of CO2 per m² and SEK per ton.

  • A life cycle analysis (LCA) is used to assess a product's or service's environmental impact throughout its life cycle. This includes calculating global warming potential (GWP), expressed in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e). Data from databases are used to calculate stored CO2. 
  • Based on the quantities, the economic value of the building's materials and components is calculated. This helps to understand the economic potential in addition to the environmental benefits that can be achieved through the reuse or recycling of materials.
Delivery (what does the client get after performed service – e.g. a report, certificate etc.):

Report as agreed, with the following suggested content:

  • Compilation of preliminary work describing the building's structure and history
  • Results from material inventory and environmental and health sampling, corresponding to reuse inventory and meeting requirements according to the PBL control plan
  • Compilation of the building's materials:
    • Stored CO2: The amount of carbon dioxide bound in the material, stated in kg CO2 equivalents per square meter.
    • Economy: The economic value of the material, stated in SEK/ton.
    • Resources: The amount of material, stated in tons.
  • Quality assessment of materials, including test results
Delivery time:

according to agrement

Area:
Cement and concrete
Inspection
Construction
Circular transition
Life cycle analysis
Material transition
Resource-efficient cities
Built environment
Contact person (Enter one name per field. Activated personal contact pages will appear automatically):
Johan M Bergström, Projektledare
Jan Suchorzewski, Marknadschef
resource mapping
Field measurements: Yes Price type: 1 Division: Do not use - Division Built Environment Preparation: No preparation required Certification and marking: Not applicable Type of service: Testing / Analysis / Evaluation Instrument: Not applicable General area: Not applicable Delivery level: Not applicable
johan.m.bergstrom@ri.se,jan.suchorzewski@ri.se
/en/node/9710
3. Good health and well-being
11. Sustainable cities and communities
Purpose - Header: Purpose Metod - Header: Methodology Delivery - Header: Delivery More information - Header: Mer information
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Construction Sekundär områdes navigation:
Circular transition
Chemical and biological analysis
Resource-efficient cities
Tjänstetyp tagg: Konsultuppdrag

Critical review of life cycle assessment

Critical review of LCA
Sustainability

LCA is a method of high complexity, where different methodological choices may lead to conflicting results. That is why LCA results intended for communication to external stakeholders need a high level of credibility. An LCA critical review is a standard procedure for increasing the credibility of LCA studies and enhancing their quality.

A critical review is a procedure where an independent third party makes sure that an LCA study is consistent with the principles and requirements of one or more applied LCA standards.  The need for a critical review is decided during the goal and scope definition stage by the commissioner of the study and the LCA practitioners. According to ISO 14040, every LCA that is intended to be used for a comparative assertion to be disclosed to the public must go through a critical review with a panel of reviewers including representatives of competing products and business. Still, a critical review is recommended for any study intended for external communication, to increase reliability and credibility. Further requirements and guidelines for the critical review process are provided in the ISO 14071:2024 standard.

RISE has extensive experience in carrying out LCA studies for a wide array of industrial sectors and product categories. This experience is also highly valuable for critical review assignments, since we understand well the complexities of different types of LCAs. Our LCA competence, in combination with our independence as a state-owned institute and our long tradition in certification and validation, makes us a perfect partner for carrying out critical reviews of LCA studies performed by other parties.  We review mainly LCA studies that follow ISO 14040:2006 and ISO 14044:2006, and carbon footprints based on ISO 14067:2018. We are also available for reviewing LCA studies following any other standard.

Diego Peñaloza

Forskare
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Kristin Fransson

Forskare
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Division: Division Materials and Industry Chemical and biological analysis

Paper testing – Stability of paper for general graphic applications (ISO 20494)

Name of service (page headline, shown in promos – maximum of 70 characters incl. spaces): Paper testing – Stability of paper (ISO 20494) Lead (include SEO-words and the main benefits for your target groups. Stick to one paragraph, maximum 2-3 sentences):

In addition to RISE paper testing according to ISO 9706 and ISO 11108, where the paper is used for archival documents, there is ISO 20494, which offers paper stability for general graphic applications such as newspapers, brochures etc. Such paper is not intended for archives; instead, it should maintain its durability during normal use and storage.

Purpose/Benefit:

Paper that meets the requirements of ISO 20494 shows stability for general graphic applications. Examples of possible end products with this paper include newspapers, brochures, catalogs, books, office prints, etc.

The ISO 20494 standard is based on providing a paper where mechanical fibers and/or recycled fibers can be used in paper products, thereby reducing production costs while promoting sustainability and contributing to a significantly reduced environmental footprint.

Method (what/which methods are used to perform the service):

pH - Cold Water Extract 

Acidic paper deteriorates quickly, so pH is an important parameter to measure in paper. Electrolytes are extracted from the paper in a water solution, and the pH value is then measured on this cold water extract.

Alkali Reserve 

The formation of acids from air pollution in the surrounding air or natural ageing is harmful to the paper. Therefore, such paper usually contains some alkaline filler (e.g., calcium carbonate) to prevent acid attacks and neutralize the harmful acids, i.e., the paper has an alkali reserve. The alkali reserve can be measured through a titration process.

Tear Strength 

Tear strength is a measure of the paper’s mechanical strength and indicates the force (mN) required to tear a piece of paper. Preserving tear strength after ageing is a measure of the paper’s ability to remain durable in the future.

Requirements according to ISO 20494

  • Tear Strength: The tear strength has a minimum value based on the paper’s surface weight.
  • Preservation of Tear Strength: The tear strength must not decrease by more than 80% after 12 days of aging at 80°C and 65% RH.
  • pH Cold Extract: Between 7.5 - 10.0.
  • Alkali Reserve: At least 0.8 mol of acid per kg.

Accreditation 

The testing for paper stability maintain high quality through accreditation according to SS-EN ISO/IEC 17025:2018.

Delivery (what does the client get after performed service – e.g. a report, certificate etc.):

Testing report from an accredited laboratory.

Area: Not applicable Contact person (Enter one name per field. Activated personal contact pages will appear automatically):
Mathias Bark, Forsknings- och utvecklingsingenjör
Sammie Dang, TIC- ingenjör
AI-generated picture in Copilot of various broschures and catalogs
Field measurements: No Price type: 2|Tjänstens pris (om tillämpat, t.ex prispaket, prislistor) Priceinformation:

Contact RISE for price information. Please find the contact information below.

Division: Division Materials and Industry Preparation: No preparation required Standards:

ISO 20494 Paper — Requirements for stability for general graphic applications

ISO 1974, Paper — Determination of tearing resistance — Elmendorf method

ISO 5630-3, Paper and board — Accelerated ageing — Part 3: Moist heat treatment at 80 degrees C and 65 % relative humidity

ISO 6588-1, Paper, board and pulps — Determination of pH of aqueous extracts — Part 1: Cold extraction

ISO 10716, Paper and board — Determination of alkali reserve

Certification and marking: Not applicable Type of service: Testing / Analysis / Evaluation Instrument: Not applicable General area: Not applicable Delivery level: Accredited
mathias.bark@ri.se,sammie.dang@ri.se
/en/node/9710
Purpose - Header: Purpose Metod - Header: Method Delivery - Header: Delivery More information - Header: Mer information
Order
form
Pulp and paper Sekundär områdes navigation:
Metrology
Chemical and biological analysis
Tjänstetyp tagg: Provning

Type approval for products in contact with drinking water

Name of service (page headline, shown in promos – maximum of 70 characters incl. spaces): Type approval for products in contact with drinking water Lead (include SEO-words and the main benefits for your target groups. Stick to one paragraph, maximum 2-3 sentences):

Since April 2024, under Swedish law, new requirements apply to products that come into contact with drinking water. Construction products used in drinking water installations must not compromise human health, affect water quality or enhance microbial growth.

Purpose/Benefit:

A type approval describes how the essential property requirements under the Planning and Building Act and Boverket’ building regulations (the Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning) are met.

With a type approval, you as a manufacturer get another 5 years to comply  with the very extensive requirements of the Drinking Water Directive, which also imposes a major limitation in the materials that may be used.

For more information on how the type approval can be used during the transition period, see the document Transitional rules for type approval of products in contact with drinking water. 

Method (what/which methods are used to perform the service):

Type approval of products in contact with drinking water is conducted according to RISE certification rule CR068. 

The certification rule includes hygiene requirements for products in contact with drinking water that are intended for use in installations for the abstraction, treatment, storage or distribution of drinking water. Current rules specify that materials assessed based on the 4 MSI approach fulfil the requirements for type approval. Also assessment against Commission Delegated Regulation 2024/370 or reports from tests under Commission Implementing Decision 2024/368 fulfil the requirements for type approval.

Delivery (what does the client get after performed service – e.g. a report, certificate etc.):

We issue a type approval that demonstrates how the product fulfils the technical property requirements under the Planning and Building Act and the new requirements for products in contact with drinking water under the Planning and Building Ordinance.

Area:
Certification
Water
Contact person (Enter one name per field. Activated personal contact pages will appear automatically): Jenny Lundmark, Ingenjör
drinking water
Field measurements: No Price type: 1 Division: Do not use - Division Built Environment Preparation: Description of preparation Preparation information:

Teknisk dokumentation enligt CR068

Standards:

CR068

Certification and marking: Product certification Type of service: Certification Instrument: Not applicable General area: Not applicable URL: https://www.ri.se/sv/certifiering-pa-rise/produktcertifiering/certifieringsregl… Delivery level: Accredited
jenny.lundmark@ri.se,
Documents:

Control plan (pdf, 130.88 KB)

More information:

Product groups that have historically not been covered by type approval can be granted type approval until 31 December 2026 with a limitation to only the hygienic properties. Examples of such products include shower hoses, shower handles, pumps, water heaters, heat exchangers, as well as various components in water and wastewater systems.

Purpose - Header: Why? Metod - Header: Method Delivery - Header: Deliveries More information - Header: Type-approval of new product types
Application
link
Water Sekundär områdes navigation:
Security of supply
Health and life science
Chemical and biological analysis
Tjänstetyp tagg: Certifiering

ISO 10993-5 Cytotoxicity Test - in vitro

Name of service (page headline, shown in promos – maximum of 70 characters incl. spaces): ISO 10993-5 Cytotoxicity Test - in vitro Lead (include SEO-words and the main benefits for your target groups. Stick to one paragraph, maximum 2-3 sentences):

Cytotoxicity testing is a crucial part of the biological evaluation of medical devices and is a necessary step to meet the requirements of the Medical Device Regulation (MDR). RISE conducts cytotoxicity testing according to ISO 10993-5 and is accredited under ISO/IEC 17025 or GLP (Good Laboratory Practice).

Purpose/Benefit:

By conducting cytotoxicity testing, you ensure that your medical device meets the necessary regulatory requirements under the Medical Device Regulation (MDR) and international standards such as ISO 10993-5.

The test is crucial for guaranteeing patient safety, ensuring that your product does not have harmful effects on cells when it comes into contact with the body. Additionally, cytotoxicity testing helps minimize risks by identifying and eliminating potentially harmful effects at the cellular level early in the product development process, protecting your company from costly recalls and legal issues.

Method (what/which methods are used to perform the service):

We conduct cytotoxicity testing according to ISO 10993–5 Annex C, the MTT test. This method is used to measure cell viability, i.e., the ability of cells to survive and function normally after exposure to extracts from a test material.

The MTT test is based on the principle that metabolically active cells can convert MTT, a yellow tetrazolium salt, into a blue-purple formazan crystal. The amount of formazan formed is proportional to the number of viable cells, providing a measure of the material’s cytotoxicity.

If the viability of the extract is reduced to <70% of the blank sample, the test is considered to have cytotoxic potential according to the standard.

We follow GLP

We are accredited under ISO/IEC 17025 and follow GLP (Good Laboratory Practice), ensuring that cytotoxicity tests are conducted in a scientifically valid and regulatory-compliant manner.

Delivery (what does the client get after performed service – e.g. a report, certificate etc.):

After completing the MTT test according to ISO 10993-5, you will receive a detailed test report in English. The report includes quantitative data showing cell viability after exposure to the test material.

Area: Medical devices Contact person (Enter one name per field. Activated personal contact pages will appear automatically): Karin Nydahl, Laboratorieingenjör
Ensure regulatory compliance with MDR and get support with biocompatibility testing/cytotoxicity testing according to ISO 10993-
Field measurements: No Price type: 1 Division: Division Bioeconomy Preparation: No preparation required Standards:

ISO 10993–5

ISO/IEC 17025

Certification and marking: Not applicable Type of service: Testing / Analysis / Evaluation Instrument: Not applicable General area: Not applicable Delivery level: Accredited
karin.nydahl@ri.se,
/en/about-rise/operations/mission-governance/policy-documents/privacy-policy
More information:

At RISE, we are pleased to offer testing services for medical devices according to both ISO 10993-5:2009 and ISO 10993-23.

We also provide services to ensure that your products can be cleaned, disinfected, and sterilized safely and effectively according to ISO 17664-1/2 and ISO 17665.

By combining our services under these standards, we can help ensure that your medical devices are biocompatible, sterile, and suitable for reuse—critical factors for patient safety and the product’s success in the market.

3. Good health and well-being
Purpose - Header: Why conduct cytotoxicity tests? Metod - Header: Which methods do we use? Delivery - Header: Delivery
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Medtech Sekundär områdes navigation:
Metrology
Chemical and biological analysis
Drug development
Tjänstetyp tagg: Provning

Analysis of Melamine

Name of service (page headline, shown in promos – maximum of 70 characters incl. spaces): Analysis of Melamine Lead (include SEO-words and the main benefits for your target groups. Stick to one paragraph, maximum 2-3 sentences):

It is important that the textiles on the market are free from hazardous and regulated substances. Chemical analysis is a way to gain control over the chemical content of products.

Purpose/Benefit:

Melamine is used to make melamine polymers, but is also found in some textile and leather tanning processes. A major area of application, where melamine can be found in free form in higher concentrations, is as a flame retardant in foamed materials, such as polyurethane foam, and in varnishes, paints, adhesives and resins for impregnating paper. 
Melamine is persistent, suspected carcinogenic, and can cause organ damage. The substance is listed on ECHA's Candidate List, which means a duty to provide information in the supply chain, as well as reporting to the SCIP database if the content exceeds 0.1% by weight in the material.
We help you interpret legal requirements that exist in, for example, REACH and POPs and suggest which analyses need to be done.
 

Method (what/which methods are used to perform the service):

OEKO-TEX analysis method.

The method is applicable to all types of textiles (fibers, yarns, fabrics, foam, etc.) and to leather materials.

Delivery (what does the client get after performed service – e.g. a report, certificate etc.):

Written report in Swedish or English with obtained results.

Delivery time:

Normal delivery time is 10 working days after ordering and receiving materials.

Area: Textile Contact person (Enter one name per field. Activated personal contact pages will appear automatically): Jenny Friedrichsen, Forsknings- och utvecklingsingenjör
Melamine
Field measurements: No Price type: 1 Division: Division Materials and Industry Preparation: No preparation required Certification and marking: Not applicable Type of service: Testing / Analysis / Evaluation Instrument: Not applicable General area: Not applicable Delivery level: Not applicable
jenny.friedrichsen@ri.se
/en/about-rise/operations/mission-governance/policy-documents/privacy-policy
12. Responsible consumption and production
Purpose - Header: Purpose Metod - Header: Method Delivery - Header: Delivery More information - Header: Mer information
Request for quote
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Textiles Sekundär områdes navigation:
Risk and security
Health and life science
Chemical and biological analysis
Tjänstetyp tagg: Provning

Oxygen analysis for solid and liquid samples.

Name of service (page headline, shown in promos – maximum of 70 characters incl. spaces): Oxygen analysis for efficiency and safety in industrial processes. Lead (include SEO-words and the main benefits for your target groups. Stick to one paragraph, maximum 2-3 sentences):

We offer advanced oxygen analysis services and analyze samples from both solid and liquid materials.

Purpose/Benefit:

Oxygen analysis plays a critical role in several industrial and scientific fields. It is used to assess chemical reactivity, ensure quality in production, monitor environmental impact, and optimize fuel efficiency. By understanding and controlling the oxygen content of various materials, companies can improve their processes and products.

Method (what/which methods are used to perform the service):

Sample amount: 1–20 mg, depending on the properties of the substance.
Samples are weighed into silver boats (silver capsules are used for liquid samples).
The sample is placed in a quartz glass pyrolysis tube via an autosampler.
Oxygen radicals are quantitatively converted to carbon monoxide through the Boudouard equilibrium using carbon black.

Delivery (what does the client get after performed service – e.g. a report, certificate etc.):

Report in Swedish or English

Delivery time:

Depends on the level of complexity of the sample.

Area: Not applicable Contact person (Enter one name per field. Activated personal contact pages will appear automatically):
Vjola Braho, Projektledare
Biogent
Oxygen analysis
Field measurements: No Price type: 2|Tjänstens pris (om tillämpat, t.ex prispaket, prislistor) Priceinformation:

Price upon request for quotation.

Division: Division Materials and Industry Preparation: Description of preparation Preparation information:

Hazardous materials must be properly labeled on the packaging with UN numbers and pictograms.

Standards:

SS-EN 17351:2020 SVENSK STANDARD Språk: engelska / English Utgåva: 1 Biobaserade produkter – Bestämning av syrehalten med hjälp av en elementanalysator

Certification and marking: Not applicable Type of service: Testing / Analysis / Evaluation

Advanced Oxygen Analysis Services for Innovation and Research

💼 Samples from both solid and liquid materials
🏭 Rigorous quality control according to industry standards
📈 Reliable insights for innovation and development
🔬 Support for scientific breakthroughs in research

Chemical reactivity

• Oxygen-rich groups affect the reactivity of organic compounds.
• Oxygen analysis predicts how they react under different conditions.
• Important for designing and optimizing chemical processes in the pharmaceutical and materials industries.

Quality control in industry

• Oxygen analysis is central to quality control in pharmaceuticals, food and polymers.
• Ensures product consistency, identifies contaminants and verifies specifications.

Instrument: Not applicable

Biofuel development

• Determines fuel properties and combustion efficiency.
• Optimizes production processes for increased efficiency and lower emissions.


Environmental monitoring

• Assesses ecosystem health and decomposition rates of organic matter.
• Supports sustainable practices to reduce environmental impact.

General area: Not applicable Order information: biogent@ri.se Delivery level: Not applicable
vjola.braho@ri.se,biogent@ri.se
/en/node/9710
PDF for order form.:

Sample submission form (pdf, 213.04 KB)

9. Industry, innovation and infrastructure
12. Responsible consumption and production
13. Climate action
Purpose - Header: Contact us to explore our customized solutions that meet your specific needs! Metod - Header: SS-EN 17351:2020
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Chemical and biological analysis Sekundär områdes navigation:
Plastics
Food
Tjänstetyp tagg: Provning

Water analysis: an objective and cost-effective tool in the fight against drugs

Toxicological tests at RISE Photo: David Lagerlöf

Wastewater analysis can help a community or business track drug use over time and identify areas of unusually high use. It can also help the police detect the influx of new drugs.
– Water analysis can act as a 'health check' for a community, similar to occupational health services. It provides objective results, gives a good overview and also keeps the cost of producing health data down," says Louise Karsson, Head of unit, Bioanalysis and toxicology at RISE.

According to the Swedish National Board of Health, drug use will cost society SEK 44 billion in 2020. The Social Services Act requires municipalities to prevent and combat the abuse of alcohol and other addictive substances, including drugs.  

The Swedish Work Environment Authority has no rules on drug testing at work. However, if the work involves a high risk of accidents, the assessment is that drug testing may be justified in both the public and private sectors.

In order to take preventive measures against drug abuse, or to find out whether a community or workplace has a problem with drug use, it is necessary to have a reliable basis on which to build the measures. Analysis of drugs in wastewater can provide an objective picture of the extent of the problem.

"Water analysis is a cost-effective way of finding out about drug use on a large scale. But it can also be used to see differences between different areas of a city, or even between different departments or buildings in the same workplace," says Louise Karlsson.

Several strengths over individual sampling 

The strengths of water analysis are its objectivity and cost-effectiveness, and the fact that it is possible to follow developments over time.

"Water analysis can provide answers on how to prioritise efforts and resources. It is a very good complement to surveys and other data from the police or health services," says Louise Karlsson.

Unlike personal sampling, which can be perceived as offensive, water analysis also respects personal privacy and anonymises any drug users.  

"If a company or municipal organisation judges that drug use is unlikely to be a major problem in a workplace, for example, it can avoid individual sampling, which could violate privacy," says Louise Karlsson.

A water analysis can provide answers on how to prioritise efforts and resources.

How water analysis works 

Put simply, there are two main methods of analysis. The most common is to set up a panel where laboratory staff look for specific substances in the water and quantify them.

"We normalise the results to amounts per thousand people so that we can compare different times or places. For some drugs, we can also convert the results into a number of doses based on how much is excreted in urine," says Louise Karlsson.  

The second method of analysis is to identify unknown substances in a sample.

"We are developing this, but we already have methods for finding new drugs in samples. An example of this is when we discovered that the new drug 'crystal' had arrived in Sweden. It can be a tool for the police to see routes of entry and distribution. When customs receive a seizure, we can see where the drug is appearing."

Work on water analysis often starts with a municipality contacting RISE, which advises the municipality on how and when to take samples.

"If they have a specific question or want a general overview, we set up a sampling strategy. For example, we can take a 24-hour sample on both a weekday and a weekend for comparison," she says.

"We recommend taking a 24-hour sample at least twice a year, and preferably four times a year. Doing it continuously and spread out allows you to capture seasonal variations as well as other factors such as tourism or student flows.

Large amount of data on pharmaceuticals in wastewater 

RISE has already collected data from municipalities and companies across the country. This makes it easy to see how big the problem is for a particular community compared to an anonymised community of similar size elsewhere in the country.

And while it is one thing to collect the data, it is equally important to explain it.

"We want to explain the results and guide our customers so that they can make the best use of the data," says Louise Karlsson.

"We are an accredited laboratory and work with quality all the time. One of our strengths is the breadth of our expertise. We have toxicologists, chemists and a large department working with AI and computational chemistry. This allows us to bring together teams with specific competences depending on the question." 

OTHER APPLICATIONS FOR WATER ANALYSIS 

Detecting and measuring drug use is not the only application for wastewater analysis. It is also possible to measure the amount of drugs and antibiotics, for example.

"We study pharmaceuticals and their metabolism. When we look for markers, we can use that knowledge. We set up drug panels, but we also analyse the presence of doping substances," says Louise Karlsson.

"We also look at the effectiveness of wastewater treatment plants in removing pharmaceuticals and other chemicals, and we have an antibiotics project.

Another important application is analysing the amount of environmentally hazardous chemicals in the effluent after it has been cleaned by the treatment plant.

"When we do drug analysis, we look at the incoming water to the treatment plant, but the really interesting thing here is how effectively the treatment plant can purify water that contains chemicals that we don't want to be released into our waterways."  

Contact

Curious about how wastewater analysis could benefit your organisation? Send us an email and we'll get back to you! bioanalys@ri.se

Louise Karlsson

Enhetschef
+46 10 516 63 71 Read more about Louise

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Chemical and biological analysis Sekundär områdes navigation:
Water
Risk and security
Health and life science

How to identify PFAS in your products

Glide wax

Scientists and politicians agree – PFAS should not be present in products manufactured now or in the future. In anticipation of a broad EU ban, companies need to ascertain whether their product portfolios contain PFAS substances. This knowledge is essential to meet future requirements.  

PFAS, or ‘perpetual chemicals’, can be found in a wide range of products, including waxes used on cross-country skis to improve glide, textile impregnation to resist water and dirt, bicycle oil to provide low friction, muffin tins, electronic products and frying pans.  

In 2023, Sweden, along with four other European countries, proposed a ban on the entire group of PFASs in the EU. This was based on studies which showed that PFASs cannot be broken down and can be linked to negative health effects. The issue of perpetual chemicals is also being discussed outside Europe, including in the United States.

"A lot is happening on the regulatory front right now. The broader EU proposal to regulate PFAS broadly and as a group aims to remove these substances from as many uses as possible. As a result of this development, more and more companies are becoming interested in finding out whether PFASs are present in their products, why and whether they are really needed." This is according to Lisa Skedung, researcher at RISE and project manager for POPFREE, a series of innovation projects promoting PFAS-free alternatives.

Two new analytical methods

PFAS is a large group of chemicals that includes over 10,000 industrially produced substances. It is not uncommon for these persistent chemicals to be added somewhere along a long value chain, without the knowledge of the companies placing the product on the European market. Testing for the presence of PFAS in products is therefore important. Traditional PFAS analysis can identify a number of specific substances, but it does not capture all of them, including what are known as polymeric PFAS.

"We realised that new analytical methods are needed to screen PFASs broadly and to capture polymeric PFASs that are often used to provide a function in products. "The usual analytical methods are great for finding the PFAS substances that are regulated today, but they don't catch the polymers," clarifies Lisa Skedung.

The sale of products containing PFAS is not consistent with a sustainability profile

New methods catch hard-to-detect PFAS substances

A number of different methods were tested, and in the end the POPFREE team came up with two. These new methods will help companies find PFAS substances that were previously difficult to detect. The first analytical method provides the total fluorine content, which can be compared to the limit in the EU proposal.

The second method allows us to verify that there are indeed PFAS in the sample. On occasion, the first analysis shows a high concentration of total fluorine, but the verification method shows that it is inorganic fluorine that is not PFAS.

"Does not fit well with sustainability" 

It is crucial for the company that commissioned the assignment to understand what RISE has done and what the analyses show. This enables them to use the data internally and in communication with suppliers. If the analyses show that a particular product contains PFAS substances, RISE can guide the company further, for example to projects where PFAS-free alternatives are tested. RISE can also provide guidance prior to the analysis on which components in a product should be tested.  

"Many companies are seeking to anticipate the stricter legislation. This is because selling products that contain PFAS is not consistent with a sustainability profile. Companies that wait until the regulation comes into force to look for alternatives may encounter difficulties, as it may take time to replace the PFAS substances in products," says Lisa Skedung.

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