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Chemical process safety
Gas formation, pressure increases, heat of reaction, and thermal decomposition are examples of common events in chemical reactions that pose significant risks when scaling up a chemical process. These events should therefore be detected and characterized early to ensure they can be avoided or controlled.
Characterization of chemical reactions and development of data for process safety evaluations to support the design of safe chemical processes.
- DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), Mettler Toledo
Rapid thermal analysis with high sensitivity, performed using inert gold-plated high-pressure crucibles to study thermal stability, decomposition energy, and explosive properties of pure substances or mixtures. Samples (1–20 mg) can be analyzed at temperatures between 20–700 °C.
- C80 (Calvet calorimeter), Setaram
A highly sensitive thermal analysis instrument that also records pressure changes. Experiments are performed using high-pressure Hastelloy reactors with a maximum pressure of 100 bar. Samples (100–1500 mg) can be pure substances or mixtures. Certain reactions can also be studied using this equipment. The temperature range is 20–300 °C, and the system can be operated in ramp or isothermal mode.
- Super CRC (reaction microcalorimeter), Omnical
A small-scale reaction calorimeter (<15 ml) with glass or high-pressure Hastelloy reactors. Reactions are performed between -100 and 200 °C, and dosing of both gas and liquid can be carried out during the experiment. In addition to highly sensitive thermal analysis, the instrument also measures pressure changes.
- RC1e (Reaction calorimeter), Mettler Toledo
A reaction calorimeter with glass or stainless steel reactors (up to 60 bar) with volumes up to 1.8 L. The instrument is equipped with a gas burette for volume measurements of generated gas. It operates in a temperature range of -20 to 230 °C. The RC1e provides thermal data very close to the intended industrial process being analyzed, making it highly useful for complex processes involving multiple operations.
- BAM Fall hammer
A drop hammer used to determine the impact sensitivity of energetic materials. This is highly useful in assessing whether a substance is safe to handle under normal conditions.
